by camdan11 » Sat Nov 21, 2009 8:43 pm
A culture medium can vary depending upon what type microbe you wish to grow. If you wish to grow bacteria or fungi, the medium is designed to best grow the specific microbial type. For example, if you are looking for bacteria that cause specific infections in certain anatomic body areas, you could either study a text to learn what is needed to grow that type microbe or you could add various nutrients to several different formulations, then inoculate the specimen to each until you grew the type that you sought. Since most culture media enable many types to grow, it would take more steps to select the differing types.
Generally culture media will contain at least a carbon source such as glucose and nitrogen source such as protein. Many extra nutrients can be added to either favor or discourage specific populations and to aid the characterization of their growth.
Liquid media is generally called a broth. Broth media can be made solid by adding agar. Most bacteria and fungi can be grown on artificial culture media, though some human pathogens such as the Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycobacterium leprae and many spirochetes are either difficult or impossible to grow on non-living culture. Viruses require live systems to grow, so their culture systems are not generally considered artifical, though in fact, when culturing in the lab, the systems are rather artificial. Consequentially, lab results may not always depict the real world of microbes.
Beyond this, you really need to take a microbiology class.